Winter is a great time to prune deciduous trees and shrubs while they are dormant. Remove any dead or diseased branches, as well as any crossing branches that may rub against each other.

Apply a layer of mulch to garden beds to help insulate plant roots and protect them from freezing temperatures. Mulch also helps retain moisture in the soil.

Start cold-hardy vegetables and flowers indoors for transplanting later in the spring. Some vegetables, like kale and spinach, actually benefit from exposure to frost.

Use frost blankets, cloches, or other protective coverings to shield tender plants from freezing temperatures. Move potted plants indoors or to a sheltered location if necessary.

Take advantage of the dormant season to inspect plants for signs of pests or diseases. Remove any affected plant material to prevent the spread of problems.

Winter is a good time to clean and sharpen gardening tools. Properly maintained tools will make spring gardening tasks easier and more efficient.

Use the winter months to plan your garden layout for the upcoming growing season. Order seeds and supplies early to ensure you have everything you need when spring arrives.

Provide food, water, and shelter for birds during the winter months. Hang bird feeders and birdhouses to attract and support local bird populations. Foods can include suet, seeds, and peanuts.

Check and repair garden structures such as fences, trellises, and raised beds. Make any necessary repairs or improvements while the garden is dormant.